Learn hydraulics by playing with the system
Visual, interactive lessons: move a tank, close a valve and watch flow, pressure and the formulas respond. Every number comes precomputed from the LOGOS engine.
Hydraulics
Fundamentals
Elevation, head loss, operating point and the pump suction.
- 1
Water flowing down without a pump
Gravity flow: elevation is the only energy, and the pipe decides the flow.
Open lesson - 2
Why flow drops when the tank goes up
Single pump: static head, head loss, total head and the operating point.
Open lesson - 3
Why the discharge enters from the top
Tank levels, free discharge and predictable flow.
Open lesson - 4
Why the pump cavitates
NPSH available, NPSH required and suction pressure.
Open lesson
Pump and system
How valves, arrangements and minimum flow change where the pump runs.
- 5
Closing the valve throttles the flow
Discharge valve and a steeper system curve.
Open lesson - 6
Two pumps: parallel or series?
Combined curves and the role of the system curve.
Open lesson - 7
Pump on the left of its curve
Minimum flow and recirculation with an orifice plate to protect the pump.
Open lesson
Branched networks
Flow split, branches that run dry and controlled recirculation.
- 8
Two branches share the same pump
Continuity and energy at the node of a simple network.
Open lesson - 9
When one branch runs dry
Preferential flow: the easiest branch takes the flow and the highest one loses its available pressure.
Open lesson - 10
Network with minimum-flow recirculation
Close the branches and watch the recirculation valve open to keep the pump at minimum flow.
Open lesson
Instrumentation and control
Differential-pressure flow metering and the installed control valve.
- 11
How an orifice plate measures flow
ΔP, square-root extraction and permanent loss.
Open lesson - 12
Control valve: inherent and installed
Characteristic, authority and Kv.
Open lesson - 13
Pump pressure and measured head
What the discharge PIT shows, how to measure TDH with instruments, and how to diagnose a worn impeller, suction restriction and line problems.
Open lesson
Transients and protection
Water hammer on valve closure and pump trip, and the relief valve.
- 14
Water hammer: the danger of closing fast
Wave speed, Joukowsky and the critical closing time.
Open lesson - 15
Water hammer on pump trip
The downsurge comes first: run-down time, Mendiluce and column separation.
Open lesson - 16
When the relief valve opens
Blocked line, set pressure, overpressure and API 520 sizing.
Open lesson
Calculate by hand
The full calculation, step by step, the way it is done on paper — and how it compares with the calculator.
- 17
How to size a pumping system, step by step
From scratch, by hand: system curve point by point, pump curve, operating point and, there, velocity, friction, losses, TDH, NPSH and motor power.
Open lesson - 18
How to calculate gravity flow, step by step
From scratch, by hand: energy balance, friction-factor iteration, flow and pipe-size selection.
Open lesson - 19
How to size a control valve, step by step
From scratch, by hand, per IEC 60534: ΔP, choked flow, Kv, rated Kv selection and travel.
Open lesson - 20
How to size an orifice plate, step by step
From scratch, by hand, per ISO 5167-2: Reynolds, β iteration with Reader-Harris/Gallagher, bore and permanent loss.
Open lesson